This Is How Dramatically China’s Beating the U.S. in its Share of Supercomputers

The U.S. has regained its crown of owning the world’s fastest supercomputer—the machines that can achieve medical and scientific breakthroughs thanks to their enormous processing power—for the first time in six years. But China’s leaving the U.S. in the dust when it comes to their respective shares of the world’s top supercomputers.

According to the latest Top 500 list, published Monday, China has 206 supercomputers and is leading the U.S. by a record margin—82. The U.S. has just 124 machines on the list, “a new low,” according to the statement accompanying the ranking. Just six months ago, China, with 202 of the top computers, was only ahead of the U.S. by 59. Top 500 has been releasing the supercomputer ranking, compiled by prominent computer scientists, every six months since 1993.

China emerged from having not a single supercomputer on the list in 2002 to becoming a dominant power—it has had the top supercomputer on the Top 500 list for the past five years.

Still, the U.S. regained the top performance position with Summit, an IBM-system-backed supercomputer now running at the U.S. Energy Department’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Summit’s calculation speed is 122.3 petaflops per second (Pflop/s)—the performance measurement used by Top 500. At its peak, Summit’s calculation speed can reach 200 Pflop/s, which is equivalent to around 6.3 billion people making a calculation at the same time for an entire year. According to the Top 500 list, taking computing capability into account puts the U.S. ahead of China.

Summit surpasses China’s Sunway TaihuLight, which had been the world’s top supercomputer with a calculation speed of 93 Pflop/s since it started operating in June 2016.

Both the U.S. and China are speeding up to the next stage of supercomputing—building a machine that can calculate at an exaflop, which is 1,000 petaflops. The U.S. hopes to achieve the goal by 2021, while China is looking to beat the U.S. a year ahead.