Windows fortified

There is one reason above all others for agencies and departments to consider shelling out money for Vista, the newest version of Microsoft Windows: There are currently no Vista viruses. Yes, it’s early. Yes, many people are undoubtedly trying to become the first to write an effective malevolent virus that attacks Vista.  And, yes, it would be silly to believe that Vista — or any other operating system, for that matter — is invulnerable to motivated virus writers and hackers. Nevertheless, improved security is Vista’s strongest selling point. Developers have made a number of changes in Windows’ architecture and design, eliminating many of the operating system’s existing vulnerabilities. When viruses crop up they are not likely to be capable of causing as much damage. Improved security is not, of course, the only enhancement Microsoft is using in Vista sales pitches. This is a complete reworking of the operating system, and it offers an array of new features that will appeal to users and system administrators. We’ll take a look at the major attractions, and the surprisingly few drawbacks, for each. A lot of users will probably ask for an upgrade to Vista to get the nifty new screen backgrounds. But there’s more to Vista than glitz and glitter. Microsoft claims that many of the other enhancements to the interface will add to greater user productivity, primarily through easier navigation of applications. We’re not so sure about that, but there’s no denying that at least initially they add to the fun of using the operating system. The glass effect of the new interface, with semitransparent application windows that allow users to view underlying applications, may or may not aid navigation, but it sure is slick.  The Windows Flip3D function is more impressive. Hold down the Windows key on your keyboard, and press Tab. You’ll see the desktop change to a 3-D display of your open Windows. Click Tab until the window you want is on top, and it will pop up front and center. This feature does help navigation. We also like the new gadget bar, a translucent bar that is by default along the right side of the display. The user-configurable gadget bar holds utilities that you want to keep close at hand. Interface aside, Vista clearly makes it easier to search for content than earlier versions of Windows did.   We were especially impressed by Windows Explorer’s new search capabilities. The upper-right corner of each Window offers an expandable search field that you can use to search your computer, the Internet or only indexed items. You can limit results to display only documents, e-mails, images and so forth. You can also save search results as impromptu folders for quick access in the future.  Several new applications and utilities promise potential productivity gains, especially for workgroups. One especially notable addition is the Windows Meeting Space. Make no mistake, Meeting Space is not as powerful as Groove from Groove Networks or other dedicated Web conferencing software. But it does have a niche. Using Meeting Space, as many as 10 users can connect to one another via a wired or wireless network to share and edit files or view one another’s desktops.  We also found the new Sync Center and Mobile Device Center to be well-designed utilities that make it easy to keep data on a portable device synchronized with a desktop.  We were skeptical about those utilities when we tested beta versions of Vista because we frequently encountered problems setting up and syncing devices. But developers have apparently ironed out those wrinkles.    Those are the main reasons users will ask for upgrades to Vista. But many other new features will make users’ life easier. Vista has a built-in anti-spyware program called Windows Defender, which does a pretty good job of snagging spyware. But we’re a little stumped about why Microsoft decided to stop there. Why not make an antivirus program part of the operating system, too? Users will also appreciate the newer, slightly more robust Windows Firewall, which can restrict inbound and outbound traffic. Systems administrators won’t, however, likely abandon more powerful enterprise-level firewall solutions. In addition, users will also find that Vista does a better job than previous Windows versions of helping them access network resources and diagnose network connectivity problems. We found significantly fewer problems accessing computers and folders across the network using Vista clients. And when connectivity problems arose, Vista did a much better job of helping diagnose the problems. Finally, although we haven’t yet developed empirical benchmarks for standardized performance tests with Vista, we found performance to be significantly improved with Vista compared with earlier Windows versions.   Vista also includes several technological enhancements that have the potential to boost performance on PCs. Windows ReadyBoost can employ USB flash drives to add to system memory. The SuperFetch utility tracks which applications are used most frequently and preloads them into memory for faster start-up. ReadyDrive improves performance if you have compatible hybrid hard drives in the computer. The overall effect of these improvements is faster, steadier performance with fewer stalls. Vista’s protection against hackers and viruses is a significant argument for agencies and departments to consider making the upgrade. The most significant security enhancements are under the hood. Microsoft developers have thoroughly redesigned the operating system and hardened core services to reduce the potential damage in the event of an attack. The operating system employs a new TCP/IP stack that is more secure than Windows’ previous version. Routing compartments and tables are more difficult to crack and corrupt. And new packet filtering application programming interfaces promise greater security. In addition, Vista’s implementation of IP Security (IPSec) promises to let administrators create more effective security policies and more easily distribute them across the network. We also like the implementation of domain and server isolation in the IPSec model. Only time — and the efforts of hackers and virus writers — will tell how effective these measures will be.   In addition to a more secure architecture, however, Microsoft has also added a number of new security-enhancing features that will definitely reduce vulnerabilities. One of the most effective features is Vista’s context-sensitive User Account Control. In previous versions of Windows, most users could simply log in with administrative privileges to install or configure programs. That meant that if hackers could access your computer, they also would have full administrative privileges. With User Account Control, however, you can log in as an administrator, but Windows will treat you as an ordinary user until you need administrator privileges. When you try to access something that requires administrator privileges, Vista will prompt you for permission. That’s a simple but effective way to block a remote hacker from causing more serious damage. Administrators have more new security tools at their disposal in Vista, at least in the Business, Ultimate and Enterprise versions of the operating system. Windows BitLocker drive encryption protects the Windows system volume in the event that someone loses a PC or a thief steals it. Likewise, the new Encrypting File System encrypts files and folders on client computers.  Finally, Vista provides stronger tools for administrators to enforce policies and audit user access to systems and services. The administrator may, for example, specify that users must have up-to-date antivirus signatures and application patches or the system will deny access.   Most users won’t care, but system administrators will welcome the new tools Vista provides for deploying the new operating system. The tools will streamline IT management chores  and help minimize the costs of deploying Vista. For starters, a new Windows Imaging format allows administrators to maintain different deployment configurations in a single file. The images are modular, which makes for easy reconfiguration. Those features could greatly reduce management headaches and save disk space on servers. We give Vista a thumbs up — at least pending the acid test of attempts by hackers and virus writers to locate and penetrate the operating system’s vulnerabilities. If your agency or department has a pressing need for greater security, you should move to Vista as soon as possible.